What is the flasher control unit?

The master timer and sequencer behind the sequenced flashers — it triggers each flasher head in turn, outermost first, so a ball of light runs down the centreline to the threshold.

SIGNAL FLOW controller to flasher heads ONE SEQUENCE flash slowed about 7× so the order shows POWER SUPPLY feeds the unit INTENSITY STEP from light control ON / OFF + MODE from light control FLASHER CONTROL UNIT MASTER TIMER ~2 cycles per second SEQUENCER outermost first TRIGGER OUTPUTS one per head STATUS MONITOR reports faults HEAD 1 outermost HEAD 2 own box + lamp HEAD 3 own box + lamp HEAD n nearest threshold TRIGGER LINE CONTROL / ALCMS status, faults Dashed: signals from the approach-light control. The unit carries the timing, not the flash energy: each head charges its own capacitor and fires on its trigger. Number of heads: 15 (2,400 ft ALSF), 21 (3,000 ft ALSF), 5 (MALSR RAIL), 3 (MALSF). 1 · OUTERMOST 2 3 4 5 · NEAREST TIME ONE CYCLE, ABOUT 0.5 S Then it repeats: the flash appears to run down the centreline to the threshold. CONTROL UNIT master timer + sequencer + triggers one trigger line out to the heads FLASHER HEADS capacitor-discharge, own control box fire on trigger, in order RESULT white flash, outermost to nearest about two cycles per second
flasher heads and trigger line
flasher control unit
flash in the timing chart
The Fact ICAO Annex 14 · FAA Order 6850.2

The flasher control unit is the master timer and sequencer for the sequenced flashing lights. It sends a trigger to each flasher head in order, starting with the outermost and ending nearest the threshold, and repeats the sequence about twice a second.

It carries the timing, not the flash energy. Each head is normally a capacitor-discharge flash lamp with its own control box, which charges its capacitor and fires when the trigger arrives. The unit also takes its on/off command and brightness step from the approach-light control and reports faults back.

It matters because the flashers supplement the steady lights, they do not replace them: a moving flash is far easier to pick out in fog, haze or rain, and a stopped sequence takes that cue away. The next entry covers keeping every head in step.

FunctionMaster timing, sequencing and triggering
RateAbout two cycles per second (FAA); some equipment selects 1 or 2
OrderOutermost first, nearest threshold last
Heads (ALSF-1/2)15 at 2,400 ft; 21 at 3,000 ft
Heads (MALSR / MALSF)5 RAIL; 3 at the outer end
Flash sourceCapacitor-discharge head, own control box
InputsPower, intensity step, on/off and mode
OutputsTriggers to each head; status to control
The block diagram is generic: where the unit sits, how triggers and status are carried, and how brightness is stepped vary by manufacturer and installation. The timing chart is slowed so the order can be seen. Some systems send a separate trigger to each head; others send one synchronising signal that each head reads against its own position setting. Counts, rates and intensity steps follow the applicable standard and the manufacturer’s instructions: FAA equipment runs two sequences per second, and some ICAO-based equipment lets one or two per second be selected.
ALSF-1 / ALSF-2
15 flashers at 2,400 ft, 21 at 3,000 ft, running from 1,000 ft outward and stopping at the bar.
MALSR (RAIL)
5 runway alignment indicator flashers between 1,600 and 2,400 ft at 200-ft spacing, flashing toward the threshold.
MALSF
Three flashers at the outer end of the 1,400 ft pattern.
ICAO
Sequenced flashing lights supplement the steady centreline barrettes where the system and local weather call for them; typically 30 lights on a full-length CAT I pattern and 21 on CAT II/III.
Entry 29 · Approach-light intensity Entry 31 · Flasher synchronization

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1What is a flasher control unit?

It is the unit that times and sequences the sequenced flashing lights in an approach lighting system. It generates the trigger signals that make each flasher head fire in turn, starting with the outermost and ending with the one nearest the threshold, and it repeats the sequence about twice a second. The result is a ball of light that appears to run down the centreline to the runway.

Q2What does it actually do?

Three things: it sets the rate with a master timer, it fixes the order with a sequencer, and it sends a trigger to each flasher head. Each head normally has its own control box that charges a capacitor and fires the flash lamp when the trigger arrives, so the control unit does not carry the flash energy itself.

Q3Which systems use one?

Any steady-burning approach pattern with sequenced flashers. ALSF-1 and ALSF-2 have 15 flashers at 2,400 ft and 21 at full 3,000 ft length, running from 1,000 ft outward. MALSR has 5 RAIL flashers between 1,600 and 2,400 ft at 200-ft spacing, and MALSF has 3 at the outer end. ICAO Annex 14 treats sequenced flashing lights as a supplement to the steady centreline, used where the characteristics of the system and local weather call for them.

Q4What does the pilot see if it fails?

A controller fault can stop the whole sequence, so the moving ball of light disappears and the steady white lights are all that is left. A fault in one head loses only that position, leaving a gap in the sequence. In both cases the steady-burning lights still show the pattern, because the flashers supplement them and do not replace them.

Q5How does it connect to approach-light control and monitoring?

It takes its on/off command and brightness step from the approach lighting control, so the flash intensity can follow the intensity setting the pilot's visibility calls for, and it reports status back so a fault can be seen at the control point or on the ALCMS. How these signals are carried varies by manufacturer and installation, so follow the system documentation.

Q6How is it different from flasher synchronization?

The control unit is the device that generates the timing and trigger signals. Synchronization is the matter of keeping every head in step with that timing, and with other flasher groups, so the sequence runs smoothly. The next entry covers it.

Q7What is hazardous when working on one?

The flasher heads are capacitor-discharge units, so they hold stored energy after the supply is removed. Treat the circuit as live until it is isolated, locked out and proved dead under the permit-to-work, and discharge the capacitors as the manufacturer instructs before opening a head or cabinet. The structures are elevated and stand in the runway protection area, so access and aircraft-movement controls apply.

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