Division 03 · PRD · Condition / Trend-Based Strategy

Predictive Maintenance

The data-driven layer of the handbook. Predictive maintenance uses historical measurements, condition indicators, operating trends and failure patterns to identify AGL asset deterioration before it reaches an unacceptable condition or causes failure — moving the framework from reactive repair to forward-looking risk management.

Philosophy: prediction is not simply collecting more data — it is identifying a change in condition over time. A single reading may look acceptable in isolation; the trend across successive readings is what reveals developing risk. This division completes the progression Preventive → Corrective → Predictive, feeding trend intelligence upward into the airport-wide condition audit.

25
Topics in Division
04
Data Groups (A–D)
14
Predictive Data Sources
11
Step Predictive Workflow

Predictive Philosophy

Every predictive-maintenance topic in this division follows the same underlying sequence, regardless of asset type or indicator.

Measure
Trend
Compare
Detect Deterioration
Assess Risk
Predict
Act
Verify
Early detection of deterioration Failure-risk identification Remaining-life assessment Maintenance prioritization Replacement planning Reliability improvement Asset-life extension

Why Trend Beats a Single Reading

The core predictive-maintenance principle, illustrated with insulation resistance — the same logic applies to CCR current stability, transformer condition, LED degradation, connector failures and fixture failures.

DateAsset / CircuitInsulation Resistance
JanCircuit A520 MΩ
AprCircuit A460 MΩ
JulCircuit A390 MΩ
OctCircuit A280 MΩ
Trend is more informative than a single measurement.

Each individual reading may still appear usable in isolation. Read as a sequence, the same four values show a progressive, continuous decline — the signal predictive maintenance exists to catch before the circuit fails outright.

Evaluate every trended indicator for: absolute value, rate of change, seasonal influence, sudden deterioration, repeated deterioration, and comparison against historical performance.

Predictive Data Sources & Quality

Predictive analysis draws on evidence already generated by Divisions 01 and 02, plus dedicated test and condition records — and is only as reliable as the data feeding it.

Data Sources

  • Inspection & preventive-maintenance records
  • Corrective-maintenance records
  • Electrical test & photometric reports
  • CCR logs, ALCMS event logs, alarm history
  • Component-replacement & failure records
  • Energy, asset-register, calibration & environmental records

Data-Quality Requirements

  • Correct asset ID and circuit identification
  • Consistent measurement method, instrument and units
  • Valid instrument calibration
  • Correct date / time on every reading
  • Accurate maintenance history and failure coding
  • Consistent defect classification across every asset

The 25 Topics

Grouped by data type — click any topic to expand what is trended, what to look for, and the predictive objective.

A

Electrical Trending

7 topics
MNT-PRD-001Insulation-Resistance Trending
Evaluate
  • Absolute value against the circuit's history
  • Rate of change between test cycles
  • Seasonal influence on IR readings
  • Sudden deterioration between two readings
  • Repeated deterioration across cycles
  • Comparison with historical circuit performance
Acceptance / Record

Objective: identify circuits showing progressive insulation deterioration before failure occurs.

MNT-PRD-002Cable Insulation Trend Analysis
Trend
  • Cable IR test results over time
  • Cable-joint condition
  • Water-ingress history
  • Cable failures and repair frequency
Acceptance / Record

Pattern to watch: stable → gradual deterioration → accelerated deterioration → high failure risk.

MNT-PRD-003Earth-Resistance Trend Analysis
Review
  • Seasonal changes in earth-resistance results
  • Electrode deterioration
  • Connection condition and corrosion
  • Grounding-system modifications and historical maintenance
MNT-PRD-004CCR Output-Current Trending
Trend
  • Output current and intensity-step current
  • Current stability
  • Alarm history and trip events
  • Output deviations
MNT-PRD-005CCR Performance Trending
Track
  • CCR availability and failure frequency
  • Alarm frequency and trip frequency
  • Cooling-system issues and communication faults
  • Component replacements and maintenance frequency
Acceptance / Record

Predictive indicator: an increase in minor alarms or component interventions may indicate developing CCR deterioration.

MNT-PRD-006Transformer Electrical-Health Trending
Trend
  • Test results and failure history
  • Moisture / water-ingress history
  • Connector and cable-lead condition
  • Corrosion and replacement frequency
  • Circuit-related failures
Acceptance / Record

Aligns with: transformer rating, housing, sealing, cable leads, connector, pit, water, corrosion and mechanical condition already tracked as condition information.

MNT-PRD-007Connector Condition Trending
Track
  • Connector failures and corrosion
  • Moisture ingress and heating
  • Contact problems and replacement frequency
  • Associated fixture failures
B

Equipment Performance

6 topics
MNT-PRD-008LED Performance Monitoring
Monitor
  • Failure frequency and replacement frequency
  • Illumination observations
  • Photometric results where available
  • Operating hours where available
  • Environmental exposure
  • Repeated component failures
Acceptance / Record

Objective: identify deterioration or abnormal failure behaviour before widespread failure occurs.

MNT-PRD-009Fixture Failure-Rate Monitoring
Trend By
  • Runway / taxiway
  • Fixture type
  • Manufacturer / model
  • Installation age
  • Circuit
  • Location
Acceptance / Record

Formula: Fixture Failure Rate = Number of Fixture Failures ÷ Number of Installed Fixtures ÷ Defined Period. Reveals localized or product-related problems.

MNT-PRD-010PAPI Performance Trending
Track
  • Maintenance frequency
  • Alignment corrections
  • Component replacement
  • Optical issues and functional failures
  • Photometric / calibration history where available
MNT-PRD-011Sign Performance Trending
Trend
  • LED failures and driver failures
  • Water ingress and illumination issues
  • Module replacement
  • Communication / control faults where applicable
  • Maintenance frequency
MNT-PRD-012ALCMS Performance Trending
Track
  • Communication failures and alarm frequency
  • HMI problems
  • PLC / interface faults and network faults
  • Remote-control failures
  • Event-log abnormalities
  • Repeated system interventions
Acceptance / Record

Aligns with: HMI, commands, feedback, alarms, events, communication, PLC, network and remote status already used as ALCMS inspection areas.

MNT-PRD-013Approach-Light Performance Trending
Trend
  • Fixture failures and structural defects
  • Alignment corrections
  • Cable, transformer and connector failures
  • Corrosion
  • Environmental damage and vegetation-related issues
Acceptance / Record

Objective: identify sections of an approach-light system requiring increased maintenance attention.

C

Reliability Data

7 topics
MNT-PRD-014Failure-Trend Analysis
Analyse Failures By
  • Equipment type, location, circuit
  • Manufacturer and model
  • Age and failure mode
  • Month / season and operating condition
MNT-PRD-015Recurring-Failure Analysis
Investigate
  • Moisture and cable stress
  • Connector installation
  • Environmental exposure
  • Component compatibility and circuit condition
MNT-PRD-016Component-Life Analysis
Calculate
  • Installation age and replacement age
  • Average service period
  • Failure age
  • Minimum and maximum observed life
Acceptance / Record

Use: the resulting data to support replacement planning.

MNT-PRD-017Maintenance-History Analysis
Analyse
  • Number of PM interventions and corrective repairs
  • Component replacements
  • Repeat defects
  • Maintenance hours and spare consumption
  • Failure frequency
MNT-PRD-018Energy-Consumption Analysis
Track (Where Suitable Data Exists)
  • CCR energy consumption
  • Circuit operating hours
  • Lighting load and equipment consumption
  • Abnormal increases / decreases
  • Seasonal operating patterns
Acceptance / Record

Objective: identify abnormal operating behaviour and support efficiency / replacement decisions.

MNT-PRD-019Operating-Condition Trend Analysis
Consider
  • Operating hours and switching frequency
  • Intensity levels and temperature
  • Moisture, rainfall / flooding, dust
  • Corrosive environment
  • Maintenance interventions
Acceptance / Record

Aim: identify relationships between operating / environmental conditions and failure.

MNT-PRD-020Asset Deterioration Trend
Condition History
  • New → Good
  • Aging → Deteriorating
  • High Risk → Replacement Candidate
Acceptance / Record

Integrates: inspection, maintenance and test history into a single asset condition history — the natural upstream data source for the airport-wide condition audit's critical-asset ranking, defect-severity trends, recurring-defect trends and replacement-priority assessment.

D

Predictive Outputs

5 topics
MNT-PRD-021Early-Warning Identification
Identify Abnormal Changes Such As
  • Rapid IR decline
  • Increasing CCR alarms
  • Increasing fixture / connector failures
  • Increasing PAPI corrections
  • Increasing sign / cable failures
Acceptance / Record

Classify: Normal → Watch → Warning → High Risk.

MNT-PRD-022Failure-Risk Ranking
Rank Assets
  • Very High
  • High
  • Medium
  • Low
Acceptance / Record

Formula: Risk = Probability of Failure × Consequence of Failure. High-risk assets receive priority for investigation and intervention.

MNT-PRD-023Replacement Prediction
Consider
  • Age and failure history
  • Condition trend and maintenance cost
  • Availability of spare parts
  • Failure consequence and recurring defects
  • Performance deterioration
Acceptance / Record

Shift: from "replace after failure" to "replace before predictable failure."

MNT-PRD-024Predictive Maintenance Recommendation
Recommendation Should State
  • Asset and current condition
  • Trend and risk
  • Predicted concern
  • Recommended action, timeframe and priority
  • Supporting evidence
MNT-PRD-025Predictive-Maintenance Report
Report Structure
  • Executive summary and overall system condition
  • Electrical trends (IR, earth, CCR, transformer, cable)
  • Equipment trends (fixtures, LED, PAPI, signs, ALCMS, approach lighting)
  • Reliability (failure rates, recurring failures, component life)
  • Risk (risk-ranked assets, early warnings, replacement candidates)
  • Recommendations (immediate, short-term, medium-term, long-term)

Predictive-Maintenance Dashboard

A future AGL predictive dashboard could summarize the division's indicators at a glance — status is always based on recorded airport data, never assumptions.

IndicatorStatus
Cable IR TrendStable
Earth ResistanceStable
CCR PerformanceWatch
Transformer HealthStable
Connector FailuresHigh
LED Failure RateIncreasing
PAPI PerformanceStable
Sign FailuresWatch
ALCMS ReliabilityStable
Approach LightingWatch

Predictive-Maintenance Workflow

Every predictive output in this division is produced through the same eleven-step data pipeline.

01Data Collection
02Data Validation
03Historical Comparison
04Trend Analysis
05Deterioration Detection
06Failure-Risk Assessment
07Early Warning
08Maintenance Recommendation
09Planned Intervention
10Post-Intervention Verification
11Trend Updated

Integration With Divisions 01, 02 & 25

This is where the maintenance framework becomes powerful — each division answers a different question, and feeds the next.

Division 01
Preventive — Maintain before failure

"What maintenance should we perform routinely?"

Division 02
Corrective — Repair after defect / failure

"What must we repair or replace because a defect has occurred?"

Division 03
Predictive — Predict when deterioration is likely to cause failure

"What does the data tell us is deteriorating, and what is likely to fail next?"

Division 25
Airport-Wide Condition Assessment & Audit

Determine overall asset risk, deterioration and replacement priority using Division 03's trend intelligence as an upstream input.

Frequently Asked Questions

Quick answers about predictive maintenance, based on the topics in this division.

9 QUESTIONS
Q1What is predictive maintenance in AGL?

Predictive maintenance uses historical measurements, condition indicators, operating trends and failure patterns to identify asset deterioration before it reaches an unacceptable condition or causes failure. It moves the maintenance framework from reactive repair to forward-looking risk management.

Q2What does Division 03 of the AGL Maintenance Handbook cover?

Division 03 (Predictive Maintenance) contains 25 topics in four groups: Group A Electrical Trending (7 topics), Group B Equipment Performance (6 topics), Group C Reliability Data (7 topics) and Group D Predictive Outputs (5 topics).

Q3Why is a trend more useful than a single reading?

A single reading can look acceptable in isolation while the sequence reveals developing risk. The page's example is insulation resistance on Circuit A: 520 MΩ in January, 460 in April, 390 in July and 280 in October. Each value may look usable alone, but together they show a progressive decline that predictive maintenance is meant to catch before the circuit fails.

Q4What should be evaluated for every trended indicator?

Absolute value, rate of change, seasonal influence, sudden deterioration, repeated deterioration, and comparison against historical performance.

Q5What is the predictive-maintenance sequence?

Measure, Trend, Compare, Detect Deterioration, Assess Risk, Predict, Act and Verify.

Q6What data sources feed predictive maintenance?

Inspection and preventive-maintenance records, corrective-maintenance records, electrical test and photometric reports, CCR logs, ALCMS event logs and alarm history, component-replacement and failure records, and energy, asset-register, calibration and environmental records.

Q7What data-quality requirements apply?

Predictive analysis is only as reliable as its data. It requires correct asset ID and circuit identification, a consistent measurement method, instrument and units, valid instrument calibration, correct date and time on every reading, accurate maintenance history and failure coding, and consistent defect classification across every asset.

Q8What is the predictive-maintenance workflow?

Every predictive output follows an eleven-step pipeline: data collection, data validation, historical comparison, trend analysis, deterioration detection, failure-risk assessment, early warning, maintenance recommendation, planned intervention, post-intervention verification, and trend updated.

Q9How does predictive maintenance relate to Divisions 01, 02 and 25?

Division 01 (preventive) asks what to maintain routinely, Division 02 (corrective) asks what must be repaired because a defect occurred, and Division 03 (predictive) asks what the data says is deteriorating and likely to fail next. Division 25, the airport-wide condition assessment and audit, uses Division 03's trend intelligence as an upstream input.

Go Further

Don't Just Wait for Failure. Predict It.

Predictive maintenance is more than periodic checks on a calendar.

Build the technical knowledge to read trend data, interpret degradation patterns, and schedule intervention before a defect becomes a failure.

Anticipate the fault. Trust the data. Act before failure.

Build Practical AGL Predictive Maintenance Capability
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